表达牛病毒性腹泻病毒E2蛋白的重组乳酸菌的构建及蛋白免疫原性分析

试验旨在构建能表达牛病毒性腹泻病毒（Bovine viral diarrhea virus，BVDV）E2抗原蛋白的重组乳酸乳球菌（Lactococcus lactis），为进一步研制BVDV乳酸菌口服活载体疫苗奠定基础。将BVDV E2基因克隆后测序，根据乳酸乳球菌的密码子偏嗜性进行优化，再将优化的基因片段插入表达载体pNZ8148中，并电转化乳酸乳球菌NZ9000感受态细胞，构建重组乳酸菌pNZ8148-E2/NZ9000，经1 ng/mL乳链菌肽诱导表达后，对菌体物进行了SDS-PAGE和Western blotting分析。将重组乳酸菌pNZ8148-E2/NZ9000口服免疫6~12月龄健康犊牛，在免疫后不同时间点采集血液样品并分离血清，用间接ELISA方法检测抗体水平。结果显示，PCR扩增到了1 149 bp的目的片段，乳酸菌密码子偏嗜性优化后，GC含量从45.28%变为34.30%。重组质粒pNZ8148-E2经酶切鉴定插入片段与预期大小相符，在菌体裂解物中出现大小约42 ku的条带，与预期蛋白大小一致，且该蛋白可与BVDV E2抗体反应。在免疫犊牛的血清中检测到特异性抗BVDV E2蛋白的抗体。本研究结果表明，表达BVDV E2蛋白的重组乳酸菌口服免疫可诱导犊牛产生特异性的体液免疫反应，该重组菌具有较好的免疫原性。     

Land surface temperature retrieval for arid regions based on Landsat-8 TIRS data:a case study in Shihezi,Northwest China

Scientific interest in geophysical information about land surface temperature （LST） is ever increasing, as such information provides a base for a large number of applications, including environmental and agricultural monitoring. Therefore, the research of LST retrieval has become a hot topic. Recent availability of Landsat-8 satel- lite imagery provides a new data source for LST retrieval. Hence, exploring an adaptive method with reliable ac- curacy seems to be essential. In this study, basing on features of Landsat-8 TIRS thermal infrared channels, we re-calculated parameters in the atmospheric transmittance empirical models of the existing split-window algorithm, and estimated the ground emissivity with the help of the land cover classification map of the study area. Further- more, a split-window algorithm was rebuilt by virtual of the estimation model of the updated atmospheric transmit- tance and the ground emissivity, and then a remote sensing retrieval for the LST of Shihezi city in Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region of Northwest China was conducted on the basis of this modified algorithm. Finally, precision validation of the new model was implemented by using the MODIS LST products. The results showed that the LST retrieval from Landsat-8 TIRS data based on our algorithm has a higher credibility, and the retrieved LST is more consistent with the MODIS LST products. This indicated that the modified algorithm is suitable for retrieving LST with competitive accuracy. With higher resolutions, Landsat-8 TIRS data may provide more accurate observation for LST retrieval.     

TMS320DM642汇编优化方法在棉种在线筛选系统应用

为了提高基于机器视觉的棉种在线筛选系统的筛选效率,介绍了使用汇编语言优化TMS320DM642程序的几种方法。优化过程中利用了软件流水并实现了"扩展指令的使用""延时间隙的利用""循环展开""并行指令使用"等多种方法。其中"扩展指令的使用"优化了原有的处理算法;"延时间隙的利用"和"循环展开"消除了循环内多余的NOP语句;"并行指令的使用"和软件流水技术提高了DSP8个功能单元的利用率。实验使用图像尺寸为215*640像素的YUV格式图像数据,优化前处理一帧图像用时16.76ms,优化后为1.03ms,优化部分代码执行时间缩短为原来的1/16,充分证明了使用优化方法大大缩短了代码的执行时间,提高了整体系统的实时性,并为后续的复杂算法提供时间保障。     

地下滴灌对棉花生理性状及产量影响的研究

根据新疆生产建设兵团农五师90团在棉花上应用地下滴灌的实践，以膜下滴灌棉花为对照，研究分析了地下滴灌对新疆棉花生理性状及产量的影响，认为地下滴灌条件下的棉花生育期有所提前、株高较低、铃数较多、叶面积系数较大、根冠比较大、根系发达并有两个根系层，生物学产量和经济产量均比较高。     

石河子地区某规模化奶牛场肺炎克雷伯菌的分离鉴定及耐药性分析

为了阐明引起石河子地区某规模化奶牛场犊牛呼吸道症状的主要细菌性病原体及其生物学特性，本研究采集2~6月龄犊牛鼻拭子与肛拭子各39份，通过细菌分离培养、形态学观察、生化分析、PCR扩增16S rRNA基因和溶血酵素（khe）基因、药敏试验和小鼠致病性试验等方法对分离菌株的生物学特性进行分析。结果显示，分离菌株中有3株在MIAC平板上形成紫红色带有沉淀环的菌落（鼻拭子1株，肛拭子2株），且镜检为革兰氏阴性短杆菌，疑为肺炎克雷伯菌。全自动微生物分析系统显示，分离株与肺炎克雷伯菌相似性均为96%；PCR扩增16S rRNA基因测序结果显示，分离株与GenBank数据库中肺炎克雷伯菌核苷酸相似性在96.5%~99.8%之间，肺炎克雷伯菌特异性基因khe阳性且相似性达99%以上；药敏结果显示，分离菌株对青霉素类、头孢菌素类、一代和二代氨基糖苷类、四环素类、一代大环内酯类、磺胺类、多烯类、林可酰胺类抗菌药呈现出不同程度的耐药；对三代氨基糖苷类、二代大环内酯类、氯霉素类、多肽类、喹诺酮类抗菌药敏感，且呈现不同程度的多重耐药性；致病性试验结果表明，分离菌株均可不同程度导致小鼠死亡且以鼻拭子分离株致病性较强。本研究成功分离鉴定石河子地区规模化奶牛场引起犊牛呼吸道症状的肺炎克雷伯菌3株，并阐明分离菌的部分生物学特性，为新疆地区牛源肺炎克雷伯菌病的检测、诊断及临床治疗提供技术支撑。     

我国农业机械能耗现状分析及节能减排技术

现代农业必须依靠机械化才能实现大面积作业和规模化生产。农业机械的高油耗、效率低严重制约了农业的机械化进程。为此,通过对目前我国农机高耗能现状的分析,并与国外农机耗能进行比较,找出农机高耗能的原因,提出相应的措施以解决农机节能减排问题。     

石河子部分地区规模化奶牛场奶牛球虫感染调查

为调查石河子地区奶牛球虫感染与流行现状,试验选取石河子地区的6个规模化奶牛养殖场,直肠采集粪便482份进行球虫检测。结果发现,被调查的6个规模化奶牛场均存在球虫感染,感染率最高为21.33%;共检出6种疑似艾美耳球虫,分别为:牛艾美耳球虫(Eimeria bovis)(12%)、邱氏艾美耳球虫(Eimeria zuerni)(10.67%)、椭圆艾美耳球虫(Eimeria ellipsoidalli)(18.67%)、柱状艾美耳球虫(Eimeria cylindrce)(6.67%)、奥博艾美耳球虫(Eimeria auburnensis)(7.33%)、亚球形艾美耳球虫(Eimeria subspherica)(11.33%);感染率较高的椭圆艾美耳球虫、牛艾美耳球虫、亚球艾美耳球虫为该地区奶牛球虫的优势虫种。     

基于水肥一体化条件下化肥减量对春小麦的影响

【目的】研究水肥一体化条件下化肥减量对春小麦的影响,为新疆塔额盆地春小麦化肥减量提供理论基础。【方法】以春小麦品种宁春16号为材料,设置5个处理,其中1个空白对照A(N₀P₀K₀)1个农户处理E(N₂₄₀P₁₀₅K_37.5)和3个对氮肥、磷肥的减量处理B(N₁₂₀P_52.5K_37.5)、C(N₁₂₀P₁₀₅K_37.5)、D(N₂₄₀P_52.5K_37.5)的田间试验,对照处理为A、农户E处理,分析在水肥一体化条件下的不同化肥减量对春小麦农艺性状、叶面积指数、产量构成、干物质积累与转运、农学效率的影响。【结果】处理C施肥量下,在开花期LAI达到7.14,显著高于对照A、E处理,花前转运量、转运率及物质转运对籽粒的贡献率在C处理达到最高,花后干物质积累量对产量的贡献率达到75.29％。处理C比其它处理提高了5％~24％;氮肥减少50％、磷肥不变C处理时产量达到最高为7 964.84 kg/hm²,较对照显著提高,比其他减肥模式产量提高了4.52％~24.09％。【结论】小麦处理C模式下表现最优,在小麦生产过程中合理的减量施氮可以获得高产;C(N₁₂₀P₁₀₅K_37.5)处理的化肥减量模式更适合新疆种植春小麦。     

无人机播前喷施除草剂防除棉田杂草效果评价

【目的】 分析不同喷药处理喷施33%二甲戊灵乳油对棉田杂草防效及棉花生长发育的影响,为棉田无人机播前喷施除草剂提供理论依据。【方法】 在新疆机采棉种植模式下,选择土壤封闭剂二甲戊灵为供试除草剂,设计播前无人机3个不同浓度喷药,车载喷药机喷药和不喷药5个处理,分析不同处理对棉田杂草防效及棉花生长发育的影响。【结果】 无人机喷施二甲戊灵进行棉田播前土壤处理,处理2(3 450 mL/hm²时)控草效果与车载喷药机处理相当,防治效果均达到94.00%,且显著好于不施药效果,出苗率均达59.71%,与不施药处理差异不显著。增加药剂浓度1 200 mL/hm²对棉花出苗有影响,出苗率降低7.54%,但差异不显著。无人机喷药处理株高、叶龄、地上部干物质重、叶面积指数与车载喷药机喷药处理间差异不显著,显著高于不喷药处理。【结论】 无人机喷施播前二甲戊灵浓度3 450 mL/hm²时与车载喷药机喷施浓度3 450 mL/hm²防草效果和棉花生长发育相当,可在大田推广使用。     

Heterosis and heterotic patterns of maize germplasm revealed by a multiple-hybrid population under well-watered and drought-stressed conditions

Understanding the heterosis in multiple environments between different heterotic groups is of fundamental importance in successful maize breeding. A total of 737 hybrids derived from 41 maize inbreds were evaluated over two years, with the aim of assessing the genetic diversity and their performance between heterotic groups under drought-stressed (DS) and well-watered (WW) treatments. A total of 38 737 SNPs were employed to assess the genetic diversity. The genetic distance (GD) between the parents ranged from 0.05 to 0.74, and the 41 inbreds were classified into five heterotic groups. According to the hybrid performance (high yield and early maturity between heterotic groups), the heterosis and heterotic patterns of Iowa Stiff Stalk Synthetic (BSSS)×Non-Stiff Stalk (NSS), NSS×Sipingtou (SPT) and BSSS×SPT were identified to be useful options in China's maize breeding. The relative importance of general and specific combining abilities (GCA and SCA) suggests the importance of the additive genetic effects for grain yield traits under the WW treatment, but the non-additive effects under the DS treatment. At least one of the parental lines with drought tolerance and a high GCA effect would be required to achieve the ideal hybrid performance under drought conditions. GD showed a positive correlation with yield and yield heterosis in within-group hybrids over a certain range of GD. The present investigation suggests that the heterosis is due to the combined accumulation of superior genes/alleles in parents and the optimal genetic distance between parents, and that yield heterosis under DS treatment was mainly determined by the non-additive effects.